前往目标的最小代价

You are given an array start where start = [startX, startY] represents your initial position (startX, startY) in a 2D space. You are also given the array target where target = [targetX, targetY] represents your target position (targetX, targetY).

The cost of going from a position (x1, y1) to any other position in the space (x2, y2) is |x2 - x1| + |y2 - y1|.

There are also some special roads. You are given a 2D array specialRoads where specialRoads[i] = [x1i, y1i, x2i, y2i, costi] indicates that the ith special road can take you from (x1i, y1i) to (x2i, y2i) with a cost equal to costi. You can use each special road any number of times.

Return the minimum cost required to go from (startX, startY) to (targetX, targetY).

 

Example 1:

Input: start = [1,1], target = [4,5], specialRoads = [[1,2,3,3,2],[3,4,4,5,1]]
Output: 5
Explanation: The optimal path from (1,1) to (4,5) is the following:
- (1,1) -> (1,2). This move has a cost of |1 - 1| + |2 - 1| = 1.
- (1,2) -> (3,3). This move uses the first special edge, the cost is 2.
- (3,3) -> (3,4). This move has a cost of |3 - 3| + |4 - 3| = 1.
- (3,4) -> (4,5). This move uses the second special edge, the cost is 1.
So the total cost is 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 5.
It can be shown that we cannot achieve a smaller total cost than 5.

Example 2:

Input: start = [3,2], target = [5,7], specialRoads = [[3,2,3,4,4],[3,3,5,5,5],[3,4,5,6,6]]
Output: 7
Explanation: It is optimal to not use any special edges and go directly from the starting to the ending position with a cost |5 - 3| + |7 - 2| = 7.

 

Constraints:

• start.length == target.length == 2
• 1 <= startX <= targetX <= 105
• 1 <= startY <= targetY <= 105
• 1 <= specialRoads.length <= 200
• specialRoads[i].length == 5
• startX <= x1i, x2i <= targetX
• startY <= y1i, y2i <= targetY
• 1 <= costi <= 105

该题解采用了类似于Dijkstra算法的策略来解决从初始位置到目标位置的最小代价问题。首先，初始化一个距离字典`dist`，其中初始位置的距离设为0，其余位置距离为无穷大。使用一个集合`vis`来记录已经访问过的点。在算法执行过程中，每次从未访问的点中选择一个当前距离最小的点作为当前处理的点。如果该点为目标点，则返回其对应的距离值。对选出的点进行扩展，更新其通过普通移动或特殊路径到其他点的距离。普通移动的代价为坐标差的绝对值和，特殊路径的代价为在路径起点的代价加上特定成本`costi`。

O(n^2 + nm)

O(n)